Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Permanent pacemaker rate following Commando and Hemi-Commando procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Multiomics Mendelian Randomization of GWAS, eQTL, and pQTL Combined With Drug Analysis to Predict Drug Targets in Myocardial Infarction.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Transboundary algal migration-induced systemic environmental risk in the Yangtze River Basin, China.

Fundamental research·2026
Same author

Divergent Amplification of Y-Linked Dosage-Sensitive Genes Triggers Regulatory Mismatch Underlying Cattle-Yak Male Sterility.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

[Application and Effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Post-Stroke Patients: Exploration of Nursing Care Roles and Application Guidelines].

Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing·2026
Same author

Dynamics of sediment phosphorus fluxes drive Microcystis blooms in shallow lakes.

Harmful algae·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.4K

Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Lian Hu1, Jia-Wei Hu2, Chang-Quan Wang1

  • 1Department of Infection, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China.

Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 inhibitors show promise for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Combination therapy with chemotherapy offers the highest pathological response rates, while monotherapy provides a safer profile for select patients.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorMuscle-invasive bladder cancerNeoadjuvant therapyPD-1 inhibitorPD-L1 inhibitor

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model
06:12

Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model

Published on: May 29, 2015

7.3K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
05:19

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.4K
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model
06:12

Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model

Published on: May 29, 2015

7.3K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
05:19

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Urologic Oncology

Background:

  • Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treatment landscape evolving with neoadjuvant therapies.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically PD-(L)1 inhibitors, are emerging as a potential treatment modality for MIBC.
  • Comparative efficacy and safety data for different neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 inhibitor strategies in MIBC are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the pathological outcomes and adverse events of neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 inhibitors in MIBC patients.
  • To compare the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches including monotherapy, dual checkpoint inhibition, and combination with chemotherapy.
  • To assess the safety profile, specifically grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs), associated with these neoadjuvant strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang) up to December 21, 2024.
  • Inclusion of 29 studies with 33 treatment arms investigating neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 inhibitors in MIBC.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled estimates for pathological complete response (pCR), pathological partial response (pPR), downstaging (DS), and grade ≥3 irAEs, with subgroup analyses by treatment strategy and inhibitor type.

Main Results:

  • Overall pooled pCR rate was 32.7%. Combination with chemotherapy yielded the highest pCR rate (39.2%), followed by dual checkpoint inhibition (27.6%) and monotherapy (24.6%).
  • Overall pooled pPR rate was 45.3% and downstaging rate was 62.9%.
  • Grade ≥3 irAEs were 9.4% for monotherapy, 24.9% for dual checkpoint inhibition, and 14.2% for combination with chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 inhibitors demonstrate significant efficacy in MIBC with manageable toxicity.
  • Combination therapy with chemotherapy offers superior pathological response rates but with moderate toxicity.
  • Monotherapy presents a favorable safety profile, potentially benefiting cisplatin-ineligible patients, and warrants further investigation in Phase III trials.