Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

331
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
331
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

340
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
340
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

2.6K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.6K
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

165
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
165
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

208
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
208
Antidepressant Drugs: Overview01:25

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

741
Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...
741

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Generalizable structure-function covariation predictive of antidepressant response revealed by target-oriented multimodal fusion.

Nature. Mental health·2026
Same author

Precise strategies for targeted elimination of senescent cells to combat aging and age-related diseases.

Acta biomaterialia·2026
Same author

Positive and negative affect influence learning during exposure therapy: Secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same author

"Doing Our Best:" A Qualitative Study of Researcher Challenges Administering Neuromodulation Across Different Phenotypes.

AJOB neuroscience·2026
Same author

Personalized Network-Guided Neuromodulation Enhances Human Working Memory.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Dual Mechanisms of crRNA 3'-Extension-Mediated Cas12a Attenuation Enable Programmable One-Pot CRISPR Diagnostics.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model
08:15

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model

Published on: June 6, 2025

174

Brain changes associated with depression treatment: a meta-analysis.

Gianna M Perez1, Benjamin M Rosenberg2, Wenyi Xu3

  • 1Center for Brain Imaging and Stimulation, Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Effective depression treatment consistently reduces activity in the right amygdala, a key brain region identified through neuroimaging. This finding aids in developing biomarkers for tracking treatment progress in major depressive disorder.

Keywords:
AmygdalaBiomarkersDepressionDepression treatmentMeta-analysisfMRI

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

791
Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model
08:15

Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model

Published on: June 6, 2025

174
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

791
Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatric Research
  • Brain Activity

Background:

  • Understanding brain changes post-treatment is crucial for advancing neuroimaging in psychiatry.
  • Research has primarily focused on patient vs. control differences, with less emphasis on within-patient changes after depression treatment.
  • This study synthesizes findings across diverse treatments to identify common neural mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a coordinate-based meta-analysis of depression treatment studies.
  • To identify common brain regions showing altered activity pre- and post-treatment.
  • To explore shared treatment mechanisms across various therapeutic interventions for depression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized activation likelihood estimation (ALE) for meta-analysis.
  • Included data from 302 subjects across 18 experiments.
  • Synthesized task-based fMRI data from studies involving pharmacology, psychotherapy, ECT, psilocybin, and ketamine.

Main Results:

  • Identified the right amygdala as a consistent region of convergent change across studies.
  • Reported peak MNI coordinates for the right amygdala at [30, 2, -22].
  • Found that decreased activity in the right amygdala was associated with effective depression treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Highlights the right amygdala's significance in depression treatment response as measured by fMRI.
  • Suggests the right amygdala as a potential imaging biomarker for tracking treatment effects.
  • Provides a focused area for future depression biomarker research based on neuroimaging.