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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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The use profile of antimicrobial drugs in neonatal intensive care units: A scoping review protocol

Francisco Clébison Chaves Lopes, Tayssa Figueiredo Moura, Lucas Amaral-Machado

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
    |August 31, 2025
    PubMed

    Insights

    This scoping review examines antimicrobial drug use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Findings will inform safer antimicrobial practices for vulnerable newborns facing infection risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Newborns possess immature immune systems, increasing susceptibility to infections.
    • Factors like invasive procedures, prolonged hospital stays, and low birth weight exacerbate infection risk in neonates.
    • Antimicrobial drug utilization in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) requires characterization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct a scoping review of antimicrobial drug utilization in NICUs.
    • To characterize the patterns and profiles of antimicrobial drug use in neonatal intensive care settings.
    • To provide evidence for informed decision-making in antimicrobial prescribing for neonates.

    Main Methods:

    • Protocol registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology.
    • Comprehensive search of multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) and grey literature.
    • Study selection and data extraction by two independent reviewers using Rayyan, adhering to PCC framework.

    Main Results:

    • Data extraction focused on antimicrobial consumption rates, common prescriptions, indications, and off-label use.
    • Inclusion criteria specified studies from NICUs with stratifiable data for hospitalized neonates.
    • Extracted data to be presented schematically and in tables with narrative descriptions.

    Conclusions:

    • Study outcomes will elucidate global variations in antimicrobial utilization in NICUs.
    • Findings will support healthcare professionals in optimizing antimicrobial prescribing.
    • The review aims to promote safer and more effective clinical practices for neonatal antimicrobial therapy.
    Abstract

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