Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

24.8K

A Population-Based Approach to Congenital Heart Disease in Kerala, India

Sreehari M Nair1, Peter S Hesslein2, Bistra Zheleva3

  • 1Health Services, Kerala, India.

Pediatrics
|August 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The Hridyam program improved congenital heart disease (CHD) care in India, reducing infant mortality and surgical deaths. However, recent enrollment declines pose future challenges for this vital public health initiative.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of infant mortality, particularly in low-resource settings.
  • Equitable delivery of CHD care is hampered by infrastructure and workforce limitations.
  • The Hridyam program was established in Kerala, India, in 2017 to address these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update on the impact of the population-based Hridyam program.
  • To assess the program's effectiveness in addressing gaps and inequities in CHD care.
  • To evaluate changes in infant mortality and procedural outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Hridyam utilizes a real-time, virtual registration and care coordination system.
  • The system tracks CHD cases throughout the care continuum, identifying and addressing gaps.
  • Statewide prenatal and neonatal screening for CHD is implemented.

Main Results:

  • Over 22,000 registrations occurred between 2017-2024, with 32.6% requiring procedures.
  • Infant procedures (mostly <30 days) accounted for 61.8% by 2022.
  • In-hospital mortality for infant heart surgery decreased from 3.8% (pre-Hridyam) to 2.0% (2018-2020), and Kerala's infant mortality halved from 2016 to 2022.

Conclusions:

  • Population-based strategies using IT and screening enhance CHD care access and reduce infant mortality.
  • The Hridyam program demonstrates success in improving CHD outcomes and equity.
  • Recent declines in new enrollments highlight ongoing challenges and the need for sustained effort.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System07:34

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Published on: May 5, 2018

11.8K
Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects in Mouse Embryos Using Qualitative and Quantitative Histological Methods08:28

Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects in Mouse Embryos Using Qualitative and Quantitative Histological Methods

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.0K

Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
544
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
597
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
632
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
790
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
805
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
753