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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

[Research progress on combined transcranial electromagnetic stimulation in clinical application in brain diseases].

Yujia Wei^1,2, Tingyu Wang^1,2, Chunfang Wang^3,4

¹State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Power Distribution Equipment and System, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China.

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi = Journal of Biomedical Engineering = Shengwu Yixue Gongchengxue Zazhi

|August 31, 2025

Summary

Combined transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) show promise for brain disease treatment. This review explores their synergistic mechanisms, applications, and future directions for neurorehabilitation.

Keywords:

Brain diseases Neuromodulation Transcranial electrical stimulation Transcranial electromagnetic combined stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuromodulation
Medical Technology

Background:

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are advancing brain disease treatment.
Combined TES and TMS offer synergistic effects with significant clinical potential.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the mechanisms of TES and TMS.
To explore the potential mechanisms of combined transcranial electromagnetic stimulation.
To provide a reference for optimizing combined stimulation schemes in brain disease treatment and rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of existing literature on TES and TMS.
Exploration of synergistic mechanisms between different stimulation modalities.
Analysis of specific combined protocols: rTMS-tDCS, rTMS-tACS, and TBS-tACS.
Review of clinical applications and challenges in brain disease treatment.

Main Results:

TES and TMS have distinct advantages and limitations.
Combined protocols like rTMS-tDCS, rTMS-tACS, and TBS-tACS show promise.
Synergistic effects enhance therapeutic potential for various brain diseases.
Key challenges and future research directions are identified.

Conclusions:

Combined transcranial electromagnetic stimulation holds significant therapeutic potential.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges and optimize application protocols.
This review serves as a guide for future development in neurorehabilitation.