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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

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Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
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Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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[Development of Drug Delivery Systems Based on New Concepts].

Chikamasa Yamashita1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights 40 years of pharmaceutical research, focusing on innovative drug delivery systems. Key developments include novel inhalation, COPD, and Alzheimer

Keywords:
Nose-to-Brainaxonal transportchronic obstructive pulmonary diseasefreeze-dried cakeinhalationlipid nanoparticle

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Review of 40 years of research and development at Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Tokyo University of Science.
  • Focus on clinical significance and novel drug delivery system concepts, challenging conventional thinking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key research projects and their innovative approaches to drug delivery.
  • To showcase advancements in patient-centric inhalation systems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment, and Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel inhalation system from a patient's perspective for protein delivery.
  • Utilizing a nuclear transfer strategy with lipid nanoparticles for alveolar regeneration in COPD.
  • Designing a glycosylated Nose-to-Brain system for Alzheimer's disease drug development.

Main Results:

  • Conceptualization and description of a patient-focused protein inhalation system.
  • Proposal of a radical treatment strategy for COPD involving alveolar regeneration.
  • Development of a specialized system for delivering therapeutics to the brain via the nose for Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • The research demonstrates a consistent commitment to addressing clinical needs through innovative drug delivery.
  • The described systems represent significant conceptual shifts, moving beyond traditional pharmaceutical approaches.
  • Future therapeutic agents for COPD and Alzheimer's disease may benefit from these novel delivery strategies.