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Brazilian Green Propolis Regulates Thermogenesis via Two Distinct Pathways.

Takuma Hyodo1, Nobuaki Okumura1, Takanori Tsuda2

  • 1Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company Inc.

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|August 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Brazilian green propolis (BGP) activates two distinct thermogenesis pathways. Culifolin, a BGP component, stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis via TRPV1, while Artepillin C promotes beige adipocyte formation, boosting energy expenditure.

Keywords:
Brazilian green propolisbeige adipocytebrown adipocyteculifolinthermogenesistransient receptor potential vanilloid 1uncoupling protein 1

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Natural product chemistry

Background:

  • Brazilian green propolis (BGP) accelerates metabolism and induces beige adipocytes.
  • Artepillin C (ArtC), a key BGP compound, promotes beige adipocyte formation and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue.
  • The precise mechanisms of BGP's effects on beige adipocyte formation and energy metabolism require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of BGP on beige adipocyte formation and thermogenesis.
  • To identify the specific BGP components responsible for these effects.
  • To elucidate the molecular pathways involved in BGP-mediated thermogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro cell culture and differentiation assays.
  • In vivo studies including component testing and thermogenesis measurements.
  • Calcium influx assays and inhibitory studies targeting the TRPV1 channel.

Main Results:

  • Artepillin C (ArtC) was confirmed as a primary BGP component driving beige adipocyte formation.
  • BGP-induced thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) was not mediated by ArtC.
  • Culifolin, another BGP derivative, was identified as an activator of iBAT thermogenesis via the TRPV1-sympathetic nervous system pathway, increasing iBAT temperature similarly to BGP.

Conclusions:

  • BGP uniquely activates two separate thermogenesis pathways: beige adipocyte formation (via ArtC) and brown adipocyte thermogenesis (via culifolin).
  • Culifolin's activation of TRPV1 signaling in iBAT contributes significantly to BGP's thermogenic effects.
  • BGP enhances energy expenditure through distinct mechanisms involving both brown and beige adipose tissues.