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Association between blood pressure trajectories and high carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese children

Chongran Ma1, Xiaoyun Ma1, Min Zhao2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Health Management Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|August 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with rising systolic blood pressure (SBP) have increased odds of high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Monitoring SBP changes and using sex-specific strategies in childhood are crucial for preventing high cIMT.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Vascular Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Childhood blood pressure (BP) trajectories and their link to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) remain understudied.
  • High cIMT in children is an early indicator of cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct blood pressure (BP) trajectories in children.
  • To investigate the association between these BP trajectories and the likelihood of developing high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) on longitudinal data from 1175 children (aged 6-11 years at baseline) over a 6-year follow-up.
  • Analyzed systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) trajectories.
  • Assessed the odds of high cIMT in relation to identified BP trajectory groups.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct trajectory groups for both SBP (low, mid, high) and DBP (low, mid, high).
  • Children in the 'mid' and 'high' SBP trajectory groups showed significantly higher odds of high cIMT compared to the 'low' SBP group.
  • Sex-specific analyses revealed elevated odds of high cIMT in girls within 'mid' and 'high' SBP groups, and in boys within the 'high' SBP group. No significant association was found between DBP trajectories and high cIMT.

Conclusions:

  • Systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories in childhood are associated with the development of high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).
  • Findings underscore the need for vigilant monitoring of SBP changes in children.
  • Sex-specific approaches are recommended for interventions aimed at preventing high cIMT in pediatric populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Blood pressureCarotid intima-media thicknessGroup-based trajectory modeling

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