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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
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Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vandana Gupta1, Anika Dawar1, Sumit Kumar Das2

  • 1Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education & Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Oral Diseases
|September 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodontitis is linked to cardiovascular disease. Reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased oxidative stress index (OSI) in blood are potential biomarkers, though evidence certainty is low.

Keywords:
biomarkercardiovascular diseasesmeta‐analysisperiodontitissystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Periodontology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition, is increasingly recognized for its association with systemic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for understanding and managing the link between periodontitis and CVD.
  • Biofluids like blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are potential sources for these biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on cardiovascular biomarkers associated with periodontitis.
  • To identify specific biomarkers in blood, saliva, and GCF that show significant differences between periodontitis patients and healthy individuals.
  • To assess the certainty of evidence for identified biomarkers using the GRADE tool.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across five databases, including studies published up to December 31, 2024.
  • Meta-analysis was conducted for biomarkers identified in at least two studies per biofluid.
  • Sensitivity analyses and GRADE assessment were employed to evaluate the robustness and certainty of the findings.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-six studies were included, with 31 contributing to meta-analyses, identifying 39 unique biomarkers across blood, saliva, and GCF.
  • Meta-analysis revealed significantly reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and an elevated oxidative stress index (OSI) in blood for individuals with periodontitis.
  • Several other commonly studied biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), showed no significant association in this meta-analysis, particularly in saliva and GCF.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced blood HDL and elevated OSI are identified as potential cardiovascular biomarkers associated with periodontitis.
  • The current evidence supporting these biomarkers is of low certainty, necessitating further high-quality research.
  • Further investigation is required to validate these findings and clarify the etiological link between periodontitis and cardiovascular health.