Frequency Coding of Multisensory Integration in the Local Field Potentials of the Medial Pulvinar

The pulvinar is a posterior thalamic nucleus, with a heterogeneous anatomo-functional organization. It is divided into four parts, including the medial pulvinar, which is densely connected with primary unisensory and multisensory cortical regions, and subcortical structures, including the superior colliculus. Based on this connectivity, the medial pulvinar may play an important role in sensory processing and multisensory integration. However, its contribution to multisensory integration has rarely been directly investigated. To fill this knowledge gap, two macaque monkeys were trained on a fixation task, during which auditory, visual, and audiovisual stimuli were presented. We characterize local field potentials of the medial pulvinar associated with these stimuli. In the temporal domain, we describe an early and a late period showing multisensory integration, both dominated by sub-additive processes (the audiovisual response is inferior to the sum of the unisensory responses). In the frequency domain, multisensory integration, mostly sub-additive, is predominant in the lower frequencies (90% of recorded signals in 4.5-8.5 Hz and 96% in 8.5-20 Hz). Prevalence largely decreases in high frequencies (54% in 35-60 Hz, 37% in 60-120 Hz). This suggests that the medial pulvinar is a multisensory hub, integrating visual and auditory information in different frequency bands and contributing to cortico-pulvino-cortical multisensory computational loops.