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Exposure to ambient carbon monoxide and cognitive decrease in a memory clinic.

Jiyun Jung1, Hyunwoong Ko2, Hyeonjin Kim3

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea.

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|September 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short-term exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) air pollution is linked to worse cognitive function in older adults, especially those with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This highlights the need for air quality improvements to protect brain health.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseagingcarbon monoxidemild cognitive impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ambient air pollution poses a global health risk.
  • Short-term effects of air pollution on cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between short-term carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and cognitive changes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 717 patients with MCI or AD in South Korea.
  • Estimated CO exposure using inverse distance weighting based on residential proximity to air monitoring stations (1 day to 1 month exposure).
  • Assessed cognitive performance using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and analyzed changes with generalized estimating equations.

Main Results:

  • Higher 7-day average CO exposure was associated with lower MMSE scores (RR 0.89).
  • The negative impact on cognitive performance was more pronounced in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) group (RR 0.85).
  • AD patients were older, less educated, and had lower MMSE scores compared to the MCI group.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term CO exposure may worsen cognitive performance in older adults, particularly those with AD.
  • Findings suggest ambient air pollutants can impact neurodegenerative processes.
  • Public health strategies, including air quality regulations and advisories, are needed to protect vulnerable populations.