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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

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Published on: August 31, 2018

Flame-Made Surface-Substituted Copper-Ceria as an Excellent Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction Catalyst via Three

Bingqiao Xie^1,2, Yi Fen Zhu², Mahdi Shakeri¹

¹Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|September 1, 2025

Summary

Flame spray pyrolysis creates a novel Cu-CeO2 catalyst with surface-substituted Cu+ species for the reverse water-gas shift reaction. This catalyst shows superior CO production and stability by revealing dominant carboxylate pathways.

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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Optimization of copper-based catalysts for the reverse water-gas shift (rWGS) reaction is limited by poor mechanistic understanding.
Structure-performance relationships in Cu-based catalysts for rWGS remain ambiguous.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly active and stable Cu-CeO2 catalyst for the rWGS reaction.
To elucidate the reaction mechanism and structure-activity relationships of the catalyst.

Main Methods:

Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) for catalyst synthesis.
In situ spectroscopic analyses and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for mechanistic studies.
Catalytic performance evaluation at 600 °C.

Main Results:

FSP-derived Cu-CeO2 catalyst with surface-substituted Cu+ species (CuyCe1-yO2-x) exhibits high dispersion and stability.
Achieved a CO production rate of 8094 mmol/gcat./h, outperforming conventional catalysts.
Identified three parallel reaction pathways, with carboxylate-mediated routes on Cu+ sites being dominant and having lower activation energy (20-30 kJ/mol).

Conclusions:

Established a clear structure-activity correlation involving Cu+, Cu0, and ceria defect sites.
The carboxylate-mediated pathway on surface-substituted Cu+ is the primary route for the rWGS reaction over FSP-derived catalysts.
The novel catalyst design and mechanistic insights offer a new direction for optimizing rWGS catalysts.