Clinical application and research progress of platelet-rich plasma

This systematic review aims to evaluate the extensive application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a novel autologous cell therapy across various clinical disciplines in recent years.

A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2009 to 2024, resulting in the identification of 153 research articles. The inclusion criteria were focused on studies that reported on the molecular mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. The data were synthesized through qualitative narrative analysis and thematic classification.

Key active components found in PRP, including platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor, exhibit regulatory effects on fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. These components facilitate cell proliferation and migration via signaling pathways such as PI3 K/Akt and MAPK/ERK. Notably, differences exist between the use of PRP alone versus its application in combination therapies for conditions such as bone and ligament repair, female infertility, alopecia, facial rejuvenation, diabetic foot ulcers, and fistulas. Factors such as PRP storage methods, white blood cell concentration levels, platelet concentration variations, and whether it is activated ex vivo can significantly influence therapeutic outcomes.

PRP represents a highly promising autologous treatment modality. Standardizing protocols for PRP preparation alongside disease-specific treatment strategies will enhance precision in clinical applications.