An intelligent fault detection (IFD) system for lithium-ion battery using machine learning approach

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular, driven by advancements in battery technology, growing environmental awareness, and the demand for sustainable transportation. Compared to internal combustion engines, EVs not only produce fewer emissions but also offer greater energy efficiency, leading to reduced operating costs. Despite these advantages, concerns about battery failures have been a significant safety issue for EVs. This paper introduces an Intelligent Fault Detection (IFD) system-a proactive approach that utilises advanced intelligent techniques for detecting faults in EVs batteries. This paper involves developing and implementing an ML-based fault detection mechanism to monitor and safeguard the batteries from various faults, including thermal protection, under-voltage, and over-voltage. This research involves real-time data sourced from sensors embedded within the battery, which ensures the continuous collection of battery data during the vehicle's operation. The pre-processed data is analysed using a K-means clustering algorithm to classify essential groups, helping to define a valid range for temperature and voltage. Further, the ensemble approach has been used to classify safe and unsafe areas for battery operations. The proposed model has 0.94 accuracy for identifying faults, which contributes to the long-term sustainability and economic viability of electric mobility.