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Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
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Chitosan-Based Antibacterial Bioceramic Materials for Dental Pulp Capping.

Zhi-Yi Huang1, Glemarie C Hermosa1,2, Jyun-Sain Wu3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new chitosan-based bioceramic composite, the AC20-C, shows over 90% antibacterial efficacy against dental pathogens. This promising pulp-capping material also demonstrates good biocompatibility and mechanical strength for regenerative endodontics.

Keywords:
Tricalcium silicateantibacterialbiocompatibilitybiofilmchitosanpulp-capping material

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Conventional endodontic treatments often have insufficient antimicrobial activity, risking post-treatment apical periodontitis.
  • There is a need for advanced antimicrobial materials in regenerative endodontics, vital pulp therapy, and root canal treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel chitosan-based bioceramic composite (ACS-C series) for enhanced antimicrobial properties.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility, and physical properties of the developed material for pulp-capping applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ACS powders via tricalcium silicate (C3S) and chitosan, followed by blending with C3S to form ACS-C composites.
  • Antibacterial evaluation using MIC assays, inhibition zone tests, and assessments against *Escherichia coli*, *Streptococcus mutans*, and *Porphyromonas gingivalis* biofilms.
  • Biocompatibility testing with L929 fibroblast cells and assessment of physical properties including setting time and compressive strength.

Main Results:

  • The AC20-C formulation demonstrated over 90% antibacterial efficacy and effectively inhibited biofilm formation.
  • Over 80% cell viability was maintained, indicating favorable biocompatibility.
  • The ACS-C materials exhibited suitable setting times (<30 min) and adequate compressive strength, with verified structural integrity and key functional groups.

Conclusions:

  • The ACS-C series, particularly AC20-C, represents a promising new class of antimicrobial bioceramic pulp-capping materials.
  • These materials effectively combine potent antibacterial activity with good biocompatibility and suitable physical properties for endodontic applications.