Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.1K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.2K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.2K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.2K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

2.7K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
2.7K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.3K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of on-site correlation on the structure, stability, and magnetic properties of (FeCl2)3 trimer.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Cluster-based materials: design and applications.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same author

Spontaneous generation of hydrogen from water using modified dodecaborate ions.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Twisting-Induced Phonon Localization and Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Penta-PdTe<sub>2</sub> Bilayer Revealed by a Universal Machine-Learning Potential.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Evolution of Structure and Magnetism in FeCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>: From Clusters to Monolayers.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025
Same author

Grain boundary zirconia-modified garnet solid-state electrolyte.

Nature materials·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

5.7K

Understanding the Existence of a Na2 Dimer in a High-Spin State.

Mehmet Emin Kilic1, Puru Jena1

  • 1Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High-spin sodium dimers (Na2) on helium nanodroplets are stabilized by van der Waals forces. This finding opens avenues for studying larger metastable magnetic clusters.

More Related Videos

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

9.7K
Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

5.7K
Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

9.7K
Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The ground state of sodium dimer (Na2) is non-magnetic (zero spin).
  • Recent experiments observed high-spin Na2 dimers on liquid helium nanodroplets, raising questions about their stability and properties.
  • The stability and characteristics of these high-spin dimers are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability, binding energy, and interatomic distance of high-spin Na2 dimers.
  • To determine the nature of the bonding in these metastable dimers.
  • To assess the potential of experimental methods for studying larger high-spin clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, with and without long-range interactions.
  • Coupled Cluster methods, specifically CCSD(T).
  • Theoretical modeling of van der Waals interactions.

Main Results:

  • The bonding in high-spin Na2 dimers is primarily governed by van der Waals interaction.
  • Calculated binding energies range from -0.030 eV to -0.192 eV.
  • Interatomic distances vary between 4.231 Å and 5.108 Å, depending on the computational method.
  • The study confirms the metastable nature of these high-spin dimers.

Conclusions:

  • High-spin Na2 dimers are stabilized by van der Waals forces on helium nanodroplets.
  • The computational methods provide a range of binding energies and bond lengths for these dimers.
  • The experimental approach is promising for investigating larger metastable high-spin clusters, like Li4.