Accuracy, Clarity, and Comprehensiveness of ChatGPT Outputs for Commonly Asked Questions About Living Kidney Donation

The effectiveness of ChatGPT responses to common living kidney donation (LKD) queries remains unclear.

We surveyed nephrologists and living kidney donors/candidates to evaluate ChatGPT-3.5's accuracy, comprehensiveness, and clarity in answering common donation questions in English and French. Ratings used a 5-point Likert scale, with percentage agreement and modified Fleiss' Kappa measuring inter-rater consistency.

The evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5's responses varied between nephrologists and kidney donors/candidates. Nephrologists showed moderate percentage agreement for English responses (50%-59%) and poor agreement for French responses (9%-45%). Kidney donors/candidates exhibited high agreement for English (90%-100%) but low for French (0%-77%). Inter-rater agreement among nephrologists was moderate for both English (Kappa 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.79, p < 0.0001) and French (Kappa 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.77, p < 0.0001). In contrast, inter-rater agreement was poor among donors/candidates for both English (Kappa -0.10, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.07, p = 0.99) and French (Kappa -0.03, 95% CI: -0.07, 0, p = 0.81).

ChatGPT 3.5's responses to common LKD queries demonstrated limited agreement among nephrologists and kidney donors/donor candidates, highlighting its lack of reliability as a supplement to existing educational materials for living kidney donor programs in English and French.