Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 9, 2025
08:31
A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
4.0K
Advanced Imaging of Mitral Annular Disjunction: Where Are We?
Silvia Pradella1, Giulia Grazzini1, Rocco Pio Basile1
1Department of Emergency Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|September 2, 2025
Summary
Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a heart condition where the mitral valve annulus separates from the ventricle. Advanced imaging like CMR is crucial for diagnosing MAD and understanding its link to arrhythmias.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiac Imaging
- Electrophysiology
Background:
- Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality involving separation of the mitral valve annulus from the left ventricular myocardium.
- Initially overlooked, MAD is gaining attention for its potential association with mitral valve dysfunction and arrhythmias, including non-sustained ventricular tachycardia.
- The independent role of MAD in causing arrhythmias is still under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of current literature on Mitral Annular Disjunction (MAD).
- To focus on the diagnosis and clinical significance of MAD.
- To highlight the application of advanced imaging modalities in MAD assessment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on Mitral Annular Disjunction (MAD).
- Emphasis on diagnostic capabilities of advanced imaging techniques.
- Inclusion of data on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT).
Main Results:
- Advanced imaging, particularly CMR, is effective in diagnosing MAD.
- CMR can detect myocardial fibrosis, aiding in the evaluation of MAD's implications.
- MAD's association with arrhythmogenic events is suggested but requires further research.
Conclusions:
- MAD diagnosis and clinical significance are increasingly recognized.
- Advanced imaging techniques like CMR and CCT are vital for MAD assessment.
- Further research is needed to clarify MAD's independent role in arrhythmogenesis.
Keywords:
arrhythmiascardiac computed tomography (CCT)cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)mitral annular disjunction (MAD)mitral valve prolapse (MVP)More Related Videos
09:31Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
Published on: January 27, 2023
1.1K
12:12Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
Published on: February 14, 2017
16.2K
Related Concept Videos
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
37
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
37
01:23Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
50
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
50
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
55
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
55
01:22Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
39
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
39
01:22Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
52
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
52
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
42
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
42