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Polarity-Switching Photoelectrochemical Biosensor Enabled by Metal/Semiconductor Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive

Jinzheng Liu¹, Haijun Lu¹, Hongyan Zhang¹

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|September 2, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor using CuO nanoparticles and InP/ZnS quantum dots for highly sensitive detection of miRNA-155. The sensor achieves accurate results by switching photocurrent polarity, aiding early disease diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Developing precise photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing is vital for reliable diagnostics, minimizing false results.
Heterostructures and nanoparticle engineering enhance PEC sensor performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a sensitive and accurate PEC sensing strategy for miRNA-155 detection.
To utilize photocurrent polarity switching for improved signal discrimination in biosensing.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and PdPt nanosphere heterostructure (InP/ZnS@PdPt).
Integration of CuO nanoparticles to induce a cathodic photocurrent switch via catalytic hairpin assembly triggered by miRNA-155.
Characterization of the photoelectrode's enhanced PEC activity due to localized surface plasmon resonance and Schottky junction effects.

Main Results:

The InP/ZnS@PdPt heterostructure showed a 10-fold increase in PEC activity compared to InP/ZnS QDs.
The sensor achieved a wide linear range (100 fM to 500 nM) and a low detection limit (16.8 fM) for miRNA-155.
Demonstrated high selectivity and robust performance, indicating significant potential for practical applications.

Conclusions:

A novel PEC sensing platform based on CuO nanoparticle-induced photocurrent polarity switching was successfully developed.
The strategy offers enhanced sensitivity and accuracy for miRNA-155 detection, crucial for early disease diagnosis.
This work presents a promising approach for developing advanced PEC biosensors for clinical applications.