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Birth weight and prematurity for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prognostic review

Ishanka Weerasekara1,2, Lea Styrmisdóttir3, Martin Ringsten3

  • 1Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Churchill, Australia.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight and premature birth may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications later in life. This review examines the prognostic value of these birth factors.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Birth weight and gestational age are critical determinants of neonatal health.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between early-life factors and adult-onset chronic diseases.
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern with complex etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prognostic significance of low birth weight (BW) and prematurity in predicting future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence.
  • To investigate the association between BW/prematurity and the development of diabetic complications, including neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review.
  • Systematic literature search and data extraction will be employed.
  • Meta-analysis will be used to synthesize findings on prognostic value.

Main Results:

  • The review aims to quantify the risk of T2DM and its complications associated with BW and prematurity.
  • Expected results will compare outcomes in individuals with low/premature birth versus normal/full-term birth.

Conclusions:

  • Findings will elucidate the long-term health implications of BW and prematurity concerning T2DM.
  • This research can inform early-life interventions and public health strategies for diabetes prevention.
Abstract

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