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Association between prediabetes and thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
Yi Shen1, Xiaoen Li1, Yupan Chen1
1Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Biomolecules & Biomedicine
|September 2, 2025
Summary
Prediabetes does not significantly increase thyroid cancer risk overall. However, studies using validated diagnoses suggest a potential link, warranting further research into this intermediate hyperglycemia condition.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia) is a growing global health concern.
- While diabetes is linked to increased cancer risk, the association with prediabetes, particularly thyroid cancer, is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the correlation between prediabetes and the incidence of thyroid cancer.
- This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence from longitudinal studies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search in major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, etc.).
- Inclusion of six prospective cohort studies with over 5.7 million participants.
- Meta-analysis using random-effects model to aggregate risk ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Overall, prediabetes showed no significant association with thyroid cancer incidence (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98-1.11).
- Subgroup analyses did not reveal significant differences based on demographics or study design.
- A significant association was observed in studies using cancer registries or validated clinical diagnoses (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.60).
Conclusions:
- Prediabetes is not significantly linked to an overall increased risk of thyroid cancer.
- A potential association may exist when using clinically validated diagnostic methods.
- Further prospective research is needed to clarify any causal relationship.
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