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Types of Fluids

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and...

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

Programmable and Unidirectional Liquid Self-Transport on Modular Fluidic Units.

Jiasong Liu^1,2, Chengyu Zhao¹, Haoyu Bai²

¹School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 2, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed modular fluidic units (MFUs) for programmable liquid self-transport on open surfaces. This innovation enables real-time pathway reconfiguration and predictable fluid control for advanced applications.

Keywords:

modular designment open‐surface liquid manipulation reconfigurable fluidic channels unidirectional self‐transport

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Materials science
Microfluidics

Background:

Precise liquid control is vital for biological systems and society.
Existing nature-inspired fluidic systems lack programmability due to fixed structures.
Integrating adaptable interfaces for open-surface liquid transport remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To present modular fluidic units (MFUs) for real-time pathway reconfiguration.
To enable continuous, programmable liquid self-transport on open surfaces.
To develop functional devices for advanced liquid manipulation.

Main Methods:

Development of modular fluidic units with joint structures for assembly/disassembly.
Utilizing a water bridge induced unidirectional mechanism for continuous transport.
Integration of MFUs to create switchable flow distributors and micro-reaction platforms.

Main Results:

Achieved continuous liquid self-transport across discontinuous modular fluidic units.
Demonstrated real-time reconfiguration of liquid pathways.
Successfully developed functional devices including flow distributors, stepwise delivery, and micro-reaction platforms.

Conclusions:

Modular fluidic units offer a facile strategy for programmable, unidirectional liquid self-transport.
Enhanced pathway regulation and transport predictability are achieved.
Presents possibilities for smart liquid manipulation on open surfaces.