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Related Concept Videos

Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

7.1K
Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
7.1K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

8.6K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.6K
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

1.5K
Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell...
1.5K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

11.7K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
11.7K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

2.6K
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
2.6K
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

3.2K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
3.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis
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Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis

Published on: February 19, 2018

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Exercise Modulates Exocytosis: Chemical Insights from the Intracellular Vesicle Perspective.

Ran Liu1, Xiulan He1, Jing Liu1

  • 1College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Exercise enhances intracellular vesicle function by increasing neurotransmitter storage and release, offering new insights into exercise

Keywords:
Catecholamine releaseExercise benefitsSingle‐vesicle electrochemistryVesicular storage

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Systemic benefits of exercise are linked to exerkines released via extracellular vesicles.
  • The impact of exercise on intracellular vesicle chemistry, including neurotransmitter dynamics, is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how exercise modulates intracellular vesicle chemistry, focusing on neurotransmitter storage and exocytotic dynamics.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in vesicle function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-vesicle electrochemistry to analyze intracellular vesicle chemistry.
  • Performed mechanistic studies to identify proteins and ion influx involved in exercise-modulated exocytosis.

Main Results:

  • Exercise enhances neurotransmitter storage capacity and release from intracellular vesicles.
  • Exercise shortens exocytosis event duration, with a slight reduction in release fraction.
  • Upregulation of exocytosis-associated proteins and increased calcium influx were identified as key mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise significantly alters intracellular vesicle chemistry, impacting neurotransmitter storage and release dynamics.
  • These findings provide novel chemical insights into the physiological effects of exercise at the vesicle level.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending exercise's role in physiological and pathological processes.