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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

14.1K
In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

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Interferon-γ release assay.

Malay Sarkar1, Jasmine Sarkar2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease = Archivio Monaldi Per Le Malattie Del Torace
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying tuberculosis infection (TBI) is crucial for controlling TB. This review covers current and emerging diagnostic tests for TBI, including interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) and tuberculin skin tests (TST).

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) traditionally presents as infection (TBI) or disease.
  • The TB spectrum now includes immune elimination, TBI, incipient/subclinical disease, and active disease.
  • Identifying individuals with TBI is vital for TB control and preventing progression to active disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging diagnostic tests for TB infection (TBI).
  • To discuss the methods, interpretation, and limitations of TBI diagnostic strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying high-risk individuals for TBI progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TBI diagnostic methods.
  • Description of conventional tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs).
  • Exploration of newer skin and blood-based tests for TBI detection.

Main Results:

  • Current TBI diagnostic methods (TST, IGRA) are indirect and not definitive.
  • IGRAs and TST rely on the host's immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens.
  • Newer diagnostic approaches are being developed to improve TBI detection.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate TBI diagnosis is essential for targeted treatment and TB burden reduction.
  • Limitations exist in current TBI diagnostic tools, necessitating further research.
  • Understanding TBI progression risk is key to effective TB management strategies.