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Development of Metarhizium anisopliae as a Mycoinsecticide: From Isolation to Field Performance

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Development of New Spiro Insecticides against White-Backed Planthoppers with Multitarget Impact.

Chengli Pan¹, Zhijia Wang¹, Yuqin Luo¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

|September 2, 2025

Summary

A new spirocyclic insecticide, A11, effectively controls the invasive white-backed planthopper (WBP) while demonstrating safety for bees. This compound inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase, offering a novel mode of action against resistant WBP populations.

Keywords:

acetyl-CoA carboxylase insecticide proteomics pyruvate carboxylase spiro-compound

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Entomology
Chemical Biology

Background:

The white-backed planthopper (WBP) is a major threat to rice production, with widespread resistance to neonicotinoids.
Existing effective insecticides like triflumezopyrim (TFM) pose risks to beneficial insects such as bees.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate novel spirocyclic compounds as safer and effective insecticides against WBP.
To elucidate the mode of action of the lead compound, A11, against WBP.

Main Methods:

Scaffold hopping and isosteric ring replacement were used to design new spirocyclic molecules.
Biosafety assays (LD50) were conducted on bees, and efficacy assays (LC50) were performed against WBPs.
Proteomics, qRT-PCR, and enzyme activity assays were employed to determine the mode of action.

Main Results:

Spirocyclic molecule A11 showed high efficacy against WBP (LC50 = 11.0 μg/mL) and good biosafety to bees (LD50 > 11.0 μg a.i./bee).
A11 was confirmed to inhibit pest acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme in lipid biosynthesis.
Suppression of pyruvate carboxylase by spiro compounds was observed for the first time, indicating a multitarget effect.

Conclusions:

Spirocyclic compound A11 represents a promising new insecticide candidate for managing WBP with improved safety profiles.
The multitarget inhibition of key metabolic enzymes by A11 provides new insights into insecticide action against WBPs.
This research offers a novel approach to developing insecticides that overcome existing resistance mechanisms.