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Most adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) do not receive treatment. Adolescent OUD treatment often involves criminal-legal referrals and lacks medication access and tailored programs, highlighting care gaps.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Substance Use Disorders
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Recent US policy shifts and rising adolescent opioid-related deaths necessitate examination of adolescent opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment.
  • Understanding current treatment patterns is crucial for addressing the adolescent opioid crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent national data on adolescent OUD treatment utilization, referral pathways, medication access, and program availability.
  • To identify disparities and opportunities in adolescent OUD care.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2022-23 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2022 Treatment Episode Data Set-Admissions, and 2023 National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey.
  • Examined treatment receipt, referral sources, medication for OUD (MOUD) inclusion, and availability of adolescent-tailored programs.

Main Results:

  • Only 30.8% of adolescents (12-17) with OUD received past-year substance use treatment.
  • Criminal-legal referrals were more common for adolescents (27.8%) than adults (17.0%).
  • Adolescent treatment admissions included MOUD less frequently (9.5%) compared to adults (36.4%), and few facilities offered adolescent-specific programs (23.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in adolescent OUD treatment accessibility and quality.
  • Policy and program development should focus on improving adolescent OUD screening, care coordination, and access to evidence-based treatments, including MOUD.
  • Addressing the unique needs of adolescents within the treatment system is critical.