Oral White Sponge Nevus: A Rare Case Report

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Dermatology
• Oral Medicine

Background:

• White sponge nevus (WSN) is a rare, benign genetic disorder.
• Characterized by white or gray mucosal lesions, primarily in the oral cavity.
• Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, linked to keratin gene mutations (KRT4, KRT13).

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe a case of WSN in a 23-year-old Iranian woman.
• To detail the clinical presentation and diagnostic process.
• To discuss potential treatment strategies and the need for further research.

Main Methods:

• Clinical evaluation of mucosal lesions.
• Histopathological examination for confirmation.
• Review of existing literature on WSN pathogenesis and treatment.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with typical painless, persistent white plaques.
• Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical and likely histopathological findings.
• WSN is generally asymptomatic, with cosmetic concerns and rare malignant transformation potential.

Conclusions:

• WSN is a benign condition requiring accurate diagnosis and management.
• While often asymptomatic, cosmetic and psychological aspects need consideration.
• Further research into pathogenesis and therapeutics is crucial for improved patient outcomes.