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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

Targeting Sialidase to PD1 Enhances T cell Function and Tumor Control.

Brett M Garabedian¹, Eleanor E Bashian^1,2, Xiaoshuang Wang¹

¹Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.

ACS Central Science

|September 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel cancer therapy by combining anti-PD1 (programmed cell death protein 1) with sialidase to degrade immunosuppressive sialoglycans. This dual-action approach enhances T cell responses and improves tumor control in preclinical models.

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Published on: December 7, 2019

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Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: December 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Glycobiology

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD1 (programmed cell death protein 1) have revolutionized cancer therapy by boosting T cell responses.
Tumors employ diverse mechanisms to evade immune detection, including the overproduction of immunosuppressive sialic acid-containing glycans (sialoglycans).
Sialoglycans can inhibit T cell activation by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors and dampening costimulatory CD28 signaling, creating a polypharmacological barrier to immune clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel therapeutic strategy by conjugating sialidase to anti-PD1 (αPD1-S) to simultaneously block PD1 and degrade immunosuppressive sialoglycans.
To investigate the efficacy of αPD1-S in enhancing T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and improving tumor control in preclinical cancer models.

Main Methods:

Conjugation of sialidase enzyme to an anti-PD1 antibody to create αPD1-S.
Glycan profiling to confirm targeted desialylation of immune cells.
Functional assays to assess T cell activation, cytotoxic capacity, macrophage polarization, and T cell exhaustion.
Evaluation of melanoma tumor growth in a preclinical model treated with αPD1-S, anti-PD1, or control.

Main Results:

Targeted degradation of sialoglycans on PD1-expressing immune cells was confirmed.
αPD1-S treatment significantly enhanced T cell activation and cytotoxic capacity.
In a melanoma model, αPD1-S promoted inflammatory macrophage polarization and reduced T cell exhaustion.
The combined αPD1-S therapy demonstrated superior tumor growth restriction compared to anti-PD1 alone.

Conclusions:

Simultaneous blockade of PD1 and degradation of sialoglycans represents a potent strategy to overcome tumor immune evasion.
αPD1-S enhances anti-tumor immune responses by improving T cell function and modulating the tumor microenvironment.
This novel dual-action immunotherapy holds promise for improving treatment outcomes in refractory cancers.