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Robot usability in the wild: bridging accessibility gaps for diverse user groups in complex forestry operations
Florian Ehrlich-Sommer1, Bernhard Hörl1, Christoph Gollob2
1Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Universal Access in the Information Society
|September 2, 2025
Summary
This study assessed robotic platforms for forest inventory using LiDAR. Wheeled and tracked robots showed better usability than a quadrupedal one, highlighting environmental considerations for responsible forestry automation.
Area of Science:
- Robotics and Automation
- Forestry Science
- Environmental Engineering
Background:
- Forest inventory tasks traditionally require manual labor, posing safety risks and physical strain.
- Advancements in robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) offer potential for automating these tasks, improving efficiency and safety.
- Evaluating robotic platforms in real-world forest environments is crucial for understanding their practical application and limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the usability and effectiveness of different robotic platforms for forest inventory tasks using LiDAR scanning.
- To assess the environmental impact and accessibility of robotic solutions based on the Universal Access principle.
- To provide empirical data for the integration of AI into forest robotics for enhanced perception, navigation, and decision-making.
Main Methods:
- Three robotic platforms (Boston Dynamics Spot, AgileX Scout, Bunker Mini) were tested in wild forest settings for LiDAR scanning.
- Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS), with additional evaluation of mobility, battery life, and environmental impact.
- Forest engineering students participated to gain hands-on experience and discuss responsible technology integration.
Main Results:
- The quadrupedal Spot platform exhibited mobility issues in dense undergrowth (SUS score: 78 ± 10).
- Wheeled AgileX Scout and tracked Bunker Mini demonstrated superior usability (SUS score: 88 ± 5).
- AgileX Scout had minimal environmental disturbance, while Bunker Mini's tracks caused occasional damage to young vegetation. All platforms improved worker safety and efficiency.
Conclusions:
- Wheeled and tracked robotic platforms are more suitable for forest inventory tasks than quadrupedal ones, considering usability and environmental impact.
- Robotic solutions can enhance worker safety, reduce physical effort, and improve LiDAR data acquisition in forestry.
- This research provides a foundation for AI-driven advancements in forestry robotics, promoting sustainable and efficient forest management.
