Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis With Oral Involvement: A Case Report

The primary objective of the present study is the retrospective analysis of a clinical case of oral leishmaniasis treated at Parma Hospital and a review of the literature on mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) with oral cavity involvement. We report the case of a patient diagnosed in 2017 with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis who was referred to our clinic due to the emergence of oral manifestations. Through a detailed review of the clinical documentation, we aim to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment choices made, and evolution of the disease. Literature describes various pharmacological approaches for leishmaniasis, with treatment selection dependent on clinical presentation. ML does not spontaneously resolve, and systemic therapy is necessary. Due to its rarity, oral leishmaniasis can be challenging to diagnose. This case report can help physicians recognize the clinical presentation of oral lesions, enabling prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.