Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis With Oral Involvement: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) involving the oral cavity is rare and challenging to diagnose.
• Leishmaniasis treatment varies based on clinical presentation and does not spontaneously resolve.
• Systemic therapy is essential for managing ML with oral manifestations.

Observation:

• A retrospective analysis of a mucocutaneous leishmaniasis case with emergent oral manifestations treated at Parma Hospital.
• Detailed review of clinical documentation, including diagnosis, treatment, and disease evolution.
• The patient was diagnosed in 2017 and presented with distinct oral lesions.

Findings:

• Oral leishmaniasis diagnosis can be difficult due to its rarity.
• Clinical presentation of oral lesions is key to timely identification.
• Effective treatment relies on prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic choices.

Implications:

• This case report enhances physician awareness of oral leishmaniasis clinical presentations.
• Facilitates earlier diagnosis and initiation of necessary systemic treatment.
• Contributes to improved management strategies for mucosal leishmaniasis affecting the oral cavity.