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Sign Convention

Sign Convention

When analyzing a beam subjected to various loads, it is crucial to understand the internal forces and moments generated within the structure. These internal forces can be broadly classified into normal forces, shear forces, and bending moments. To determine these forces and moments, we use the method of sections and apply a specific sign convention based on their direction and the side of the section being analyzed.
The normal force acts perpendicular to the beam's cross-section and can cause...

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque exerted...

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
When a bending moment is applied at an angle θ concerning the vertical axis of a symmetrical member, it can be resolved into components along the member's principal centroidal axes. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Published on: June 8, 2013

Modified Rotated Flap With Double-Component Releasing Incision and One-Sided Tunnel for Mandibular Gingival

Ta Dong Quan¹, Nguyen Quan Pham², Van Nhan Vo³

¹Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Nhan Tam Dental Maxillofacial Speciality Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Case Reports in Dentistry

|September 2, 2025

Summary

This clinical report details a modified rotated flap technique for gingival recession, achieving 100% root coverage and increased keratinized mucosa in a single surgery. The innovative approach offers a promising solution for managing gingival recession effectively.

Keywords:

case report gingival recession rotation subperiosteal surgical flaps tissue transplantation

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A Novel Approach to Monitoring Graft Neovascularization in the Human Gingiva

A Novel Approach to Monitoring Graft Neovascularization in the Human Gingiva

Published on: January 12, 2019

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Published on: June 8, 2013

A Novel Approach to Monitoring Graft Neovascularization in the Human Gingiva

A Novel Approach to Monitoring Graft Neovascularization in the Human Gingiva

Published on: January 12, 2019

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Periodontology
Oral Surgery
Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

Gingival recession presents a significant clinical challenge, with existing treatments often requiring multiple surgical stages and exhibiting drawbacks.
The development of single-stage surgical techniques is crucial for improving patient outcomes and treatment efficiency in managing gingival recession.

Observation:

A modified rotated flap technique, featuring a double-component releasing incision and a one-sided tunnel approach, was employed for gingival recession management.
A connective tissue graft harvested from the hard palate was utilized in conjunction with the specialized flap design and tunnel preparation.

Findings:

The described technique resulted in complete root coverage (100%) for the treated teeth (33 and 43) after 6-month and 1-year follow-ups.
Patients experienced no post-operative pain or tooth sensitivity, indicating a favorable clinical outcome.
The procedure also successfully increased the width of the keratinized mucosa, contributing to improved periodontal health.

Implications:

This modified rotated flap technique offers a potentially superior, single-appointment solution for gingival recession, addressing limitations of traditional two-stage procedures.
Further clinical studies and long-term evaluations are warranted to fully establish the efficacy and durability of this innovative approach in periodontal regeneration.