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Structured research training in orthopaedics: A systematic review evaluating its role in career development and
Madhan Jeyaraman1,2,3, Tejaswin Mariappan4, Naveen Jeyaraman1,2,3
1Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Introduction:
Structured research training programs during orthopaedic residency and fellowship play a crucial role in career development, enhancing opportunities for academic positions.
Methods:
A systematic review was conducted following the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Studies published between 2010 and 2025 were sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data extraction was performed using Rayyan software and Excel from 36 articles which were included. The study was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251035344).
Results:
The review identified multiple interventions, including formal research training, fellowships, and workshops, which were associated with increased research productivity-measured by publication count, citation rates, and h-index scores. Among 10 studies evaluating research training programs, 8 had protected research time and 7 out of 10 such programs showed increased scholarly output. A trend of high h-index and citation volume was observed among fellowship directors across 8 U S programs with a mean h-index of 22.5 and a mean publication count of 91.6. Additionally, structured training improved the likelihood of securing NIH funding and academic positions. However, the direct influence of integrated research training programs on achieving higher academic ranks remained unclear due to factors such as limited data availability, the elapsed time since training, and survey non-response rates. The limitations includes lack of protected research time (n = 7), limited mentorship availability (n = 7),funding constraints and grant accessibility (n = 6) and variation in institutional support (n = 7).
Conclusion:
Structured research training during orthopaedic residency and fellowship enhances research productivity and grant acquisition prospects. While its direct effect on academic promotions is influenced by various external factors, incorporating research education into the orthopaedic curriculum fosters scholarly output and cultivates research-oriented clinical scientists.
