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How Are Qualitative Methods Used in Implementation Science Research? Results From a Systematic Scoping Review
Ashley Hagaman1,2, Elizabeth C Rhodes3, Carlin F Aloe2,4
1Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Qualitative methods in implementation science (IS) research are diverse. This review synthesizes their application, identifying common data collection and analysis techniques to enhance future IS studies.
Area of Science:
- Implementation Science (IS) Research
- Qualitative Research Methods
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Qualitative methods provide crucial insights into the
- why
- and
- how
- of evidence-based intervention implementation.
- A systematic synthesis of qualitative method applications is vital for innovation and optimization in IS research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the application of qualitative data collection and analytic methods in IS research.
- To identify how frameworks and theories are leveraged using qualitative methods.
- To determine which implementation issues are addressed by qualitative IS research.
Main Methods:
- Systematic scoping review of articles in MEDLINE and Embase databases.
- Extraction of data on study design, data collection, analytic methods, and implementation outcomes.
- Analysis of 867 articles from 76 countries.
Main Results:
- In-depth interviews (84.3%) and focus group discussions (34.5%) were the most common data collection methods.
- Thematic analysis (45.3%) and content analysis (18.5%) were predominant analytic approaches.
- Nearly a quarter of articles utilized theoretical or conceptual frameworks (TMFs).
Conclusions:
- Significant variation exists in the application of qualitative methods within IS research.
- Detailed descriptions of data collection and analysis highlight innovative uses.
- Identifying gaps presents opportunities for strengthening qualitative methods to optimize IS research.
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