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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

526
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
526
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

2.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
2.0K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

1.1K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
1.1K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

584
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
584
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

747
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
747
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

28.1K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
28.1K

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Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography
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Lindy Effect in Hydrometallurgy.

Koen Binnemans1, Peter Tom Jones2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Lindy Effect suggests older tech lasts longer. This study applies it to hydrometallurgy, finding economic viability and robust chemistry are key for new commercial processes, not just technical feasibility.

Keywords:
Extractive metallurgyFlowsheetsHydrometallurgyProcess economicsProcess engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Metallurgical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • The Lindy Effect posits that the future life expectancy of non-perishable entities is proportional to their current age.
  • Hydrometallurgy, a field focused on aqueous chemical processes for metal extraction, faces challenges in translating academic research into commercial applications.
  • Economic factors and capital intensity often overshadow technical feasibility in industrial adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the historical development of hydrometallurgy using the Lindy Effect framework.
  • To identify reasons for the limited success of new commercial hydrometallurgical processes.
  • To propose criteria for developing robust, economically viable, and potentially 'Lindy-proof' hydrometallurgical technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of hydrometallurgical processes.
  • Application of the Lindy Effect to evaluate technology longevity and adoption.
  • Assessment of economic viability versus technical feasibility.
  • Examination of chemical robustness and circular economy principles.

Main Results:

  • Many academic research efforts overlook the economic realities of mining and extractive metallurgy.
  • Technical feasibility alone does not ensure a hydrometallurgical process's commercial success.
  • Avoiding intrinsic chemical flaws is critical for developing durable processes.

Conclusions:

  • Economic viability and robust chemical foundations are paramount for new commercial hydrometallurgical processes.
  • The principles of circular hydrometallurgy offer a framework for assessing process robustness.
  • Renewable energy may enable energy-intensive processes, potentially reviving older, previously uneconomical methods.