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Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired...
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Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner
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Process Safety Considerations in the Design and Scale-Up of Chemical Looping Processes.

Andrew J Furlong1,2, Nicole K Bond1, Scott Champagne1

  • 1CanmetENERGY-Ottawa, Natural Resources Canada, 1 Haanel Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1M1, Canada.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advancing chemical looping technology requires a robust process safety approach for pilot plants. Implementing inherently safer design principles and effective management of change is crucial for safe operations and knowledge sharing.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Safety
  • Renewable Energy Technologies

Background:

  • Chemical looping technologies are transitioning from bench-scale to pilot-scale operations.
  • This scale-up introduces significant new risks and challenges.
  • Limited operating history at larger scales necessitates a proactive safety strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a rigorous process safety approach for chemical looping pilot plants.
  • To provide guidance on implementing inherently safer design (ISD) principles.
  • To address critical safety considerations during design and operation.

Main Methods:

  • Application of ISD principles: minimization, substitution, moderation, simplification.
  • Focus on selection of oxygen carriers and materials of construction for hazard reduction.
  • Discussion of passive and active control strategies for accident mitigation.
  • Introduction of management of change protocols for pilot plants.
  • Emphasis on incident reporting and knowledge sharing.

Main Results:

  • ISD principles can be effectively applied to chemical looping facilities.
  • Careful selection of materials and oxygen carriers reduces inherent hazards.
  • Control strategies and secondary containment enhance safety.
  • Management of change is vital, especially in academic settings with high turnover.
  • Incident reporting and knowledge sharing are essential for community-wide safety improvement.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive process safety approach, integrating ISD, robust controls, and management of change, is critical for the safe advancement of chemical looping pilot plants.
  • Effective knowledge sharing on safety incidents is vital for the entire chemical looping community.