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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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A Super-Resolution Spatial Atlas of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells.

Leonid Andronov1, Mengting Han2, Ashwin Balaji1,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 U.S.A.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|September 2, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle using a super-resolution atlas, revealing viral protease localization within vesicles and novel RNA structures. Findings challenge existing models of viral replication and drug mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The spatial organization of viral and host factors is critical for infection dynamics.
  • The nanoscale architecture of SARS-CoV-2 replication organelles is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive super-resolution spatial atlas of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells.
  • To systematically map the localization of viral proteins and RNAs during infection.

Main Methods:

  • Super-resolution microscopy
  • High-resolution imaging of viral and host components
  • Localization studies of viral proteins and RNAs

Main Results:

  • The viral main protease (nsp5) localizes within double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), suggesting late-stage polyprotein processing.
  • Novel structures including dsRNA "connectors" linking DMVs and dsRNA granules with replicase components were identified.
  • The antiviral nirmatrelvir promotes the formation of persistent bodies of uncleaved polyproteins.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial atlas provides a foundational resource for understanding SARS-CoV-2 biology.
  • Findings offer new insights into viral replication, assembly, and the mechanism of antiviral drugs like nirmatrelvir.