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Changing Trends in Maxillofacial Trauma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in India
Kapil S Agrawal1, Vivek Gupta1, Mudunuri Ravi Teja1
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Summary
Maxillofacial trauma is rising, primarily due to road traffic accidents involving two-wheelers. Injury patterns are becoming more complex, with a significant increase in midface fractures observed.
Area of Science:
- Trauma Surgery
- Plastic Surgery
- Orthognathic Surgery
Background:
- Maxillofacial trauma is a common occurrence, seen in isolation or with polytrauma.
- Understanding trends in maxillofacial injuries is crucial for effective management.
- This study analyzes changing patterns of these injuries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the changing trends of maxillofacial injuries.
- To identify probable reasons behind the observed changes in injury patterns.
- To evaluate the complexity and commonality of different fracture types.
Main Methods:
- Observational retrospective study conducted over 12 years (2008-2019) at a tertiary care center.
- Inclusion of all patients admitted with maxillofacial trauma to the plastic surgery unit.
- Data collection from case records and subsequent tabulation and analysis.
Main Results:
- 1,046 patients were included; 21-30 years old were most affected (50.19%).
- Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the leading cause (72.27%), with two-wheeler accidents being predominant (70.5%).
- Zygomaticomaxillary complex (40.73%) and mandible (38.91%) fractures were most common; panfacial fractures occurred in 10.71%.
Conclusions:
- Maxillofacial trauma incidence shows an increasing trend.
- RTAs, particularly two-wheeler accidents, are increasingly responsible for these injuries.
- Fracture patterns have become more complex, with a significant rise in midface fractures.
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