Eosinophils Beyond the Esophagus: A Review of Non-EoE Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases

For eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the most well researched of the eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs), there is a plethora of knowledge for its diagnosis and management; however, much less guidance is available for the non-EoE EGIDs. Efforts have been made to characterize the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, and natural history of EGIDs, as the frequency of the non-EoE EGIDs has continued to rise. The diagnosis of the different non-EoE EGIDs, eosinophilic gastritis, enteritis, and colitis, can be challenging because of their rarity and heterogeneous presentations which can lead to delayed diagnosis and poor health-related quality of life in affected patients. Guidelines for histologic evaluation and diagnostic criteria for non-EoE EGID are actively being developed. Effective management of non-EoE EGIDs is possible with currently available assessments and therapies, with more treatments on the horizon, highlighting the need for improved understanding of non-EoE EGIDs. This article will review the diagnosis and management of the non-EoE EGIDs, focusing on the consensus nomenclature, nuances in diagnosis, and management options.