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Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.

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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

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Published on: October 25, 2018

Nano-Biosensors for mRNA-Based Cell Sorting Using Intracellular Markers at the Early Stage of Cell Reprogramming.

Yang Song^1,2, Jennifer Soto¹, Xiao Lin³

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Advanced Functional Materials

|September 2, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a novel nucleic acid-based gold nanorod (NAGNR) biosensor for early-stage cell sorting. This technology enables efficient isolation of specific cell types, like induced neuronal (iN) cells, crucial for regenerative medicine and disease treatment.

Keywords:

biosensor cell reprogramming gold nanorod locked nucleic acid probes mRNA cell sorting

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Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Cell reprogramming and manufacturing are vital for regenerative medicine but face challenges in isolating specific cell types due to a lack of unique surface markers.
Current methods struggle to identify and isolate cells of interest during the early stages of expansion, limiting therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a nucleic acid-based gold nanorod (NAGNR) fluorescent biosensor for detecting intracellular mRNA markers.
To demonstrate the application of NAGNR biosensors for early-stage isolation of induced neuronal (iN) cells from dermal fibroblasts.

Main Methods:

Development of a nucleic acid-based gold nanorod (NAGNR) fluorescent biosensor.
Utilizing the biosensor to detect mRNA expression of intracellular neuronal transcriptional factors (Ascl1 and Scn2) for cell sorting.
Functional assessment of sorted iN cells in co-culture with muscle cells.

Main Results:

NAGNR biosensor successfully detected intracellular mRNA markers for cell sorting.
Cell sorting based on Ascl1 mRNA enriched iN cells from 3% to 72%, with further enrichment using Scn2.
NAGNR-sorted iN cells exhibited functional responses to electrical stimulation in co-culture.

Conclusions:

NAGNR biosensors provide a novel method for early-stage cell identification and isolation during cell reprogramming and manufacturing.
This technology overcomes limitations of traditional protein-based sorting by targeting intracellular mRNA.
NAGNR-based cell sorting holds significant potential for advancing regenerative medicine and disease treatment strategies.