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Carbohydrate Intake and Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review.

Marie-Hannah Baliakas¹, Robert Davies²

¹Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK (MHR).

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

|September 2, 2025

Summary

Dietary factors like high Glycaemic Load (GL) may increase bacterial vaginosis (BV) risk, while high dietary fibre intake might be protective. More research is needed due to limited evidence quality.

Keywords:

bacterial vaginosis carbohydrates diet females fibre nutrition women

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Area of Science:

Gynecology
Nutritional Science
Microbiology

Background:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age.
The causes of BV are not fully understood, but it is linked to negative gynecological health outcomes.
Dietary carbohydrate intake may influence gut and vaginal microbiota, potentially affecting BV risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and dietary factors.
Specifically examining the links between BV and dietary carbohydrate intake, Glycaemic Index (GI), Glycaemic Load (GL), total sugars, and dietary fibre.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed in April 2022 across MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus.
Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving females, nutritional intake, diet, macronutrients, BV, and vaginal dysbiosis.
Risk of bias was assessed using AXIS and CASP tools for included cross-sectional and case-control studies.

Main Results:

Four studies (3 cross-sectional, 1 case-control) met the inclusion criteria.
A positive association was observed between higher GL intake and BV.
An inverse association was found between higher dietary fibre intake and BV.

Conclusions:

Higher GL intake may increase BV risk, while higher dietary fibre intake could be protective.
The overall risk of bias in the reviewed studies was moderate to high.
Limited and low-quality evidence necessitates caution and further research to confirm these dietary associations for BV.