Knee Arthroplasty Types: An Educational Framework for Multidisciplinary Healthcare Teams

Knee arthroplasty is a widely performed surgical procedure that significantly improves the quality of life for patients with advanced knee joint diseases. However, many multidisciplinary healthcare professionals lack a clear understanding of the types and subtypes of knee arthroplasty, which is essential for effective perioperative care and rehabilitation planning. This narrative review categorises knee arthroplasty into three main types: total knee arthroplasty, partial knee arthroplasty, and revision knee arthroplasty. Total knee arthroplasty remains the most common procedure, with subtypes based on implant constraint, fixation method, bearing surface, alignment philosophy, surgical approach, and technological aids. Partial knee arthroplasty includes unicompartmental and patellofemoral replacements, offering faster recovery and more natural knee kinematics in appropriately selected patients, although with higher revision rates. Revision knee arthroplasty addresses failed implants using one-stage or two-stage procedures with specialised components such as constrained condylar and hinged implants, stem extensions, augments, and megaprostheses, but carries higher surgical complexity and complication risks. This educational framework aims to enhance multidisciplinary understanding of knee arthroplasty procedures, supporting better communication, patient education, and rehabilitation planning. Future research should validate its impact in educational settings and explore ongoing innovations in implant designs and surgical technologies to optimise patient outcomes.