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Volitional and forced running ability in mice lacking intact primary motor cortex.

Ryusei Abo¹, Mei Ishikawa¹, Rio Shinohara¹

¹Laboratory of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits

|September 2, 2025

Summary

The primary motor cortex is not essential for trained high-speed running in mice. However, its removal impairs the spontaneous initiation of running behavior.

Keywords:

cerebrum cortical injury motor control running wheel treadmill

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Animal Behavior

Background:

Volitional and forced motor control involve complex brain region coordination.
The specific role of the primary motor cortex in proficient running remains largely undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the necessity of the primary motor cortex for trained high-performance running.
To differentiate the effects of primary motor cortex removal on volitional versus forced locomotion.

Main Methods:

Mice were trained for high-performance running on a wheel (>10,000 rotations/day).
Bilateral cortical ablations, including the primary motor cortex, were performed.
Locomotor performance was assessed for volitional and forced running tasks.

Main Results:

Cortical injury delayed recovery of volitional running compared to sham controls.
Running performance on a treadmill at high speed was not significantly affected by cortical injury.
Mice with cortical damage showed reduced spontaneity in running initiation.

Conclusions:

The primary motor cortex is not strictly required for executing trained fast running.
The primary motor cortex plays a significant role in the spontaneous initiation of running behavior.