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A statistical reconstruction algorithm for positronium lifetime imaging using time-of-flight positron emission

Hsin-Hsiung Huang1, Zheyuan Zhu2, Slun Booppasiri1

  • 1Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816.

IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positronium lifetime imaging (PLI) enhances positron emission tomography (PET) by analyzing tissue microenvironments. A new maximum likelihood estimation method using an exponentially modified Gaussian distribution improves lifetime image accuracy from time-of-flight PET data.

Keywords:
Positron emission tomographymaximum likelihoodpositronium lifetime imagingtime-of-flight

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) is crucial for diagnosing diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
  • Positronium lifetime imaging (PLI) extends PET by probing tissue microenvironment properties.
  • Accurate PLI reconstruction is challenging due to finite time-of-flight (TOF) resolution in PET systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an accurate method for reconstructing 2D positronium lifetime images from TOF PET data.
  • To address the challenge of finite TOF resolution in PLI.
  • To evaluate a novel maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach for PLI.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method for 2D PLI.
  • Utilized an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) probability distribution to model positronium lifetime data from TOF PET.
  • Compared the EMG-based MLE method with exponential likelihood and penalized surrogate methods.

Main Results:

  • Computer simulations demonstrated that the proposed EMG-MLE method yields quantitatively accurate lifetime images.
  • The EMG-MLE method effectively handles PLI data with finite TOF resolution.
  • The method's capability to manage multiple positron populations was also shown.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EMG-based MLE method offers a significant advancement for accurate positronium lifetime imaging.
  • This technique enhances the diagnostic potential of PET by providing microenvironmental information.
  • The method is robust and adaptable for complex positronium decay scenarios.