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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment
Published on: July 7, 2023
An intelligent closed-loop CES for depression treatment using brain signals and machine learning
Fahimeh Mosayebinejad1, Hamid Mirhosseini2, Sara Jambarsang3
1Research Assistant, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, , Iran.
Abstract:
This method presents a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial aimed at personalizing cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) according to individual brain signals, assessing the effect of Intelligent Closed-Loop Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (IC-CES) on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of IC-CES in treating MDD. Design: 120 participants were randomly assigned to either the IC-CES group or the CES group. Assessment: Depression, anxiety, and sleep quality were measured at multiple time points using standard questionnaires.
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