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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Elevated salinity amplifies polyethylene microplastic-induced soil nitrous oxide emissions.

Shiying Lin1, Guoling Yang2, Yanxia Zhang3

  • 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microplastics (MPs) and soil salinity significantly increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, especially in younger paddy soils. Salinity amplifies these MP-induced N2O emissions, linked to changes in soil microbial nitrification processes.

Keywords:
DenitrificationNitrificationPaddy soilsPlastic particlesSoil salinity

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) are emerging soil contaminants with potential to alter biogeochemical cycles.
  • Soil salinization is a growing environmental concern, affecting soil properties and microbial functions.
  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas influenced by soil conditions and microbial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and combined effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs and salinity on N2O emissions from paddy soils.
  • To analyze the impact of MPs and salinity on key microbial parameters related to nitrogen cycling.
  • To determine how soil cultivation history influences the interactions between MPs, salinity, and N2O emissions.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental incubation of paddy soils with varying cultivation histories (3, 15, and 40 years) under different treatments of PE MPs and salinity levels.
  • Measurement of cumulative N2O emissions using gas chromatography.
  • Quantification of microbial gene abundance, including ammonia-oxidizing archaeal (AOA) amoA and denitrifying genes (nirS), using quantitative PCR.
  • Analysis of the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera.

Main Results:

  • PE MPs significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions across all soil cultivation ages, with the most substantial increases in older soils.
  • Increasing salinity amplified MP-induced N2O emissions in soils cultivated for 3 and 15 years, but this effect was negligible in 40-year soil.
  • MP addition consistently increased AOA amoA gene abundance, indicating enhanced nitrification. Salinity amplified this effect in younger soils.
  • MPs increased the relative abundance of Azoarcus and enhanced nirS gene abundance in older soils, suggesting altered denitrification pathways.
  • N2O emissions showed positive correlations with AOA amoA, Nitrosomonas, and Thermodesulfovibrio abundance.

Conclusions:

  • Soil salinity exacerbates nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions driven by polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs), particularly in paddy soils with shorter cultivation histories.
  • The interaction between MPs and salinity significantly impacts soil nitrogen cycling, primarily through alterations in nitrification and denitrification processes.
  • Microbial communities, especially ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), play a crucial role in mediating the enhanced N2O emissions observed under combined MP and salinity stress.