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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Continuous order-to-order quantum phase transitions from fixed-point annihilation.

David Jonas Moser1, Lukas Janssen1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce a novel mechanism for continuous quantum phase transitions, independent of fractionalization. This process involves the collision and annihilation of renormalization group fixed points, enabling order-to-order transitions in various physical systems.

Keywords:
Luttinger semimetalsWeyl semimetalfixed-point annihilationnematic topological insulatorpyrochlore iridatesquantum criticality

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Fractionalization is a key concept in phase transitions beyond Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory.
  • Continuous quantum phase transitions often involve fractionalization and emergent gauge fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a new mechanism for continuous order-to-order quantum phase transitions.
  • Demonstrate this mechanism's independence from fractionalization.
  • Identify potential physical systems where this mechanism can manifest.

Main Methods:

  • Renormalization group analysis.
  • Investigating fixed point collisions and annihilation.
  • Topological rearrangement of flow diagrams.

Main Results:

  • A mechanism based on fixed point collision and annihilation is proposed.
  • This mechanism leads to order-to-order transitions without fractionalization.
  • A specific example is the transition between antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetals and nematic topological insulators.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed fixed-point annihilation mechanism offers a new route to continuous quantum phase transitions.
  • This mechanism is applicable to diverse physical systems, including Luttinger fermion systems and rare-earth pyrochlore iridates.
  • Potential experimental observations in materials like R2Ir2O7 are highlighted.