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Shiyi Zhou1, Qingkun Fan1, Yujia Qian2

  • 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new bidirectional scan-based gantry velocity scheduling algorithm (BDSSPArc) improves spot-scanning proton arc therapy delivery efficiency. This method reduces treatment time and enhances gantry velocity smoothness for better SPArc plans.

Keywords:
bidirectional scangantry velocity schedulingintensity modulated proton therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cancer Treatment

Background:

  • Spot-scanning proton arc therapy (SPArc) offers conformal dose distribution but requires efficient delivery.
  • Gantry velocity scheduling is critical for optimizing SPArc treatment delivery and ensuring smooth gantry rotation.
  • Current methods may not fully address the mechanical and clinical demands of SPArc.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel bidirectional scan-based gantry velocity scheduling algorithm, BDSSPArc.
  • To enhance delivery efficiency and improve gantry velocity profiles for SPArc plans.
  • To ensure SPArc delivery meets mechanical and clinical requirements.

Main Methods:

  • The BDSSPArc algorithm determines maximum feasible gantry velocities for irradiation and energy layer switching using a bidirectional scan.
  • It generates velocity profiles with limited jerk to ensure smooth transitions between gantry angles.
  • Performance was evaluated against the SPArc delivery sequence model (DSMSPArc) using nine clinical cases.

Main Results:

  • BDSSPArc significantly reduced average dynamic delivery time from 308.5 ± 10.0 s to 273.1 ± 18.5 s compared to DSMSPArc.
  • Lost time was reduced from 48.1 ± 10.0 s to 12.6 ± 3.1 s, indicating improved efficiency.
  • The algorithm generated smoother gantry velocity profiles.

Conclusions:

  • BDSSPArc is an effective novel algorithm for SPArc treatment delivery.
  • It demonstrably enhances delivery efficiency and optimizes gantry velocity profiles.
  • BDSSPArc represents a practical advancement for SPArc planning and clinical implementation.