Long-range persistence active fluctuation effect on a colloidal particle: dissipation and entropy production.

Area of Science:

• * Statistical mechanics
• * Soft matter physics
• * Nonequilibrium thermodynamics

Background:

• * Active matter systems exhibit complex dynamics driven by internal energy conversion.
• * Long-range memory in driving forces significantly alters system behavior compared to Markovian processes.
• * Understanding the interplay between active noise, memory, and thermodynamics is crucial for active matter research.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To investigate the dynamics and thermodynamics of a harmonically trapped colloidal particle under active noise with long-range memory.
• * To analyze the influence of a power-law decaying active force on particle statistics and relaxation.
• * To define and quantify entropy production and irreversibility in a purely active regime.

Main Methods:

• * Modeling the active force as a stationary Gaussian process with power-law decay.
• * Deriving exact solutions for position statistics and two-time correlations in the overdamped regime.
• * Constructing stochastic entropy balance and defining medium entropy in the purely active regime.

Main Results:

• * Exact solutions for particle statistics and correlations were obtained, showing the effect of active noise.
• * An effective temperature naturally emerged, characterizing the nonequilibrium steady state.
• * The power-law exponent $\alpha$ was shown to control time correlations and total entropy production, quantifying irreversibility.

Conclusions:

• * Active noise with long-range memory introduces unique dynamical and thermodynamic properties.
• * The concept of effective temperature captures the nonequilibrium nature of the active bath.
• * The power-law exponent $\alpha$ serves as a key parameter to tune irreversibility and system dynamics.