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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

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Published on: December 14, 2012

Screening for Autism in Preterm Children: A Systematic Review.

Karen E Thomas¹, Kamini Raghuram², Rudaina Banihani^3,4

¹Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

|September 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening tools show variable accuracy in preterm children. Refinement is needed to improve early identification and intervention for this high-risk group.

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Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Pediatric screening tools
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Background:

Preterm children have a higher prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to the general population.
Unique neurodevelopmental profiles in preterm infants pose challenges for accurate ASD screening and diagnosis.
Existing systematic reviews on ASD screening tools for preterm populations are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze the diagnostic performance of current autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening tools in preterm children.
To evaluate the effectiveness of various screening instruments in identifying ASD within this specific pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive database search was performed across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL in July 2024.
Included studies quantified the diagnostic accuracy of ASD screening tools in preterm populations.
Nine studies were included in the review, with four contributing to the meta-analyses; all studies underwent risk of bias and applicability assessments.

Main Results:

Sensitivity for ASD screening tools in preterm children varied widely, ranging from 0% to 100%.
Specificity demonstrated a range from 38% to 98%.
Pooled data for the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Social Communication Questionnaire showed sensitivities of 55% and 53%, respectively, with specificities of 85% and 90%.

Conclusions:

Significant heterogeneity among studies limited the pooling of diagnostic accuracy data.
The efficacy of screening tools in detecting ASD in preterm children varies, potentially confounded by overlapping behavioral phenotypes.
There is an urgent need to refine and validate ASD screening tools specifically for preterm infants to enable timely interventions.